The first known states were created in Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, China, the Americas (e.g., Aztec civilization, Inca civilization). Colonialism is the control of previously uninhabited or sparsely inhabited land. In fact, for most of human history, people have lived in stateless societies, characterized by a lack of concentrated authority, and the absence of significant inequalities in economic and political power. Many countries have an underdeveloped sense of nationhood and therefore are better suited to use a Federalist style of government where power is geographically distributed among several subnational units. See more. The political revolution that transformed Europe as a result of various actions that focused on ending continual warfare for the control of territory and introducing peaceful agreements that recognized the sovereignty of territory ruled by representative government structures. The result of the drive for nation-states in Europe is Italy for Italians, a united Germany for Germans, and France for the French, for example. I'm a freelance Copywriter and well that explains everything! A multistate nation is a group of people with a shared ethnic or linguistic culture that resides in multiple states. For those who are not familiar with them, these are people who can be found in various nearby areas. DICTIONARY.COM Russia and the Heartland The Soviet Union Russia has always been a good example of this theory since it happens to be right on top of the Heartland. The concept and practice of a nation work to establish who belongs and who does not (insider vs. outsider). Marx’s early writings portrayed the state as “parasitic,” built upon the superstructure of the economy and working against the public interest. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, scholars developed many theories about how political power is expressed geographically. Eastern Europe is abundant in raw materials and farmland, which are needed to support a vast army that could then control the coasts and water ports that make international trade possible. January 19, 2019 / in AP Human Geography / by emmacalderwood Key Takeaways: Political Organization of Space A nation is a group of people with common cultural characteristics, whereas a state is an area with defined boundaries that has sovereignty within its borders. What temperature soil quality mountains had population density? A city-state is a sovereign state that encompasses a town and the surrounding landscape. It operates many states within a nation, and the people within this nation may have certain variables in common, such as their language. Some examples of multinational states are Afghanistan, Belgium, Bolivia, Herzegovina, Canada, and China. Various treaties and revolutions continued to shift the power from dictators and monarchs to the general populace. In those places like Egypt, France, and Japan, where nationalist feelings are strong, and there are many centripetal forces like language, religion, and economic prosperity uniting people, a unitary state makes much sense. It is produced of two or more nations or states. Although Wittfogel’s theory is well known, it has also been criticized as inaccurate. A is the proper answer to this question. There are also some people who would define a multistate nation as a nation wherein the geographical area will go beyond the borders of one country. What two island Chains form the east boundary of the Caribbean Sea? What is the difference between In Situ and Ex Situ Conservation? North and South Korea have the same ethnicity, but they have different governments and ways of ruling their country. Both governments have proposed a boundary based on the principle of equidistance, but with different base point selections, resulting in small differences in the line. Moreover, the political border may persist even after the physical feature, which created the original boundary has changed its location. A nation with more than one state within its borders. There are times when these people will still remember their culture, but they have already moved to different places while still carrying their culture with them. 2. Any proposal to recognize Pakistani control over part or all of Kashmir would then provoke severe resistance from the Indian populace. The agrarian revolution and the Industrial Revolution were powerful movements that altered human activity in many ways. However, they may be diverse in some other aspects. Operating under the Articles of Confederation from roughly 1776-1789, the new and decentralized country found itself challenged to do simple things like raise taxes, sign treaties with foreign countries, or print a common currency because the central government (Congress) was so very weak. The European states first colonized the New World of the Americas, but later redirected their focus to Africa and Asia. However, this compromise is not neutral, as it sends a message that both claims are equally legitimate. For example, there may be some ethnic groups who have already moved to different countries. It is evident that Koreans have the same ethnicity, but because there are two different governments that are ruling the opposite sides of the state, the people who are living on these opposite sides are also doing things differently. Landlocked Beaches are fun. Federalism is a system of government with one, strong, central governing authority as well as smaller units, such as states. A multistate nation is a nation that operates many states within the nation. So sad. Independent states are the primary building blocks of the world political map. Europeans used colonialism to promote political control over religion, extract natural resources, increase economic influence, and to expand political and military power. The people, therefore, had good reason to give control to a central state, but in giving up control over the irrigation system, they also gave up control over their livelihoods and, thus, the central state gained immense control over people in general. Puerto Rico (United States) and Hong Kong (China) are excellent examples. The pluralist approach suggests that the modern democratic state acts in response to pressures that are applied by a variety of related interests. If they want to speak their language or teach their specific religion in the local schools, then the central government allows local people to make those decisions. Maps outside the disputant countries commonly show both boundaries, noting their disputed status. This process is often beneficial to the unitary nations to prevent political instability and conflict; however, it can be withdrawn by the central government at any time. Fights over local control are minimal, and the power of local (provincial) governments is relatively weak. However, so-called natural boundaries are still products of human choice — why establish that river, rather than this other one, as the boundary? Unitary systems work best where there is no strong opposition to central control. European countries have progressed to the point where the concept of forming or remaining a nation-state is a driving force in many political sectors. Thus, the modern states and their institutions (such as taxes) were created to enable war-making. 4. The Organic Theory states that nations must continually seek nourishment in the form of gaining land to survive in the same way that a living organism seeks nourishment from food to survive. If the central government grows too strong, then federalism comes closer to a unitary state, where the governing body has supreme authority and dictates how much power the units are allowed to have. Many disputes have been resolved through negotiations, but not all. This is often the result of unresolved centrifugal forces pulling the nation apart from within, such as economic disparity and ethnic or religious conflicts. Some other countries in the Middle East may be considered multistate nations. Why are animals so friendly to capybaras. Boundaries play a critical role in how people interpret the world around them and can often be sources of conflict at all scales, from two neighbors arguing over where a fence should be placed to nation-states laying claim to parts of (or sometimes all) other sovereign nations. Since then, states have continued to grow more rational and bureaucratic, with expanding executive bureaucracies, such as the extensive cabinet system in the United States. This strait remains the subject of a maritime boundary dispute between Canada and the United States. Nowadays, we use this term to refer to any country that breaks apart to form several countries or several states, usually the consequence of civil war or ethnic cleansing as was seen in Armenia and Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia and Yugoslavia. He theorized that because the Rimland contains most of the world’s people as well as a large share of the world’s resources, it was more important than heartland. Anarchists believe that the state is inherently an instrument of domination and repression, no matter who is in control of it. He believed that the state mirrored societal class relations, that it regulated and repressed class struggle, and that it was a tool of political power and domination for the ruling class. Anarchists believe that the state apparatus should be dismantled entirely and an alternative set of social relations created, which would be unrelated to state power. They can be called multistate nations. According to one early theory of state formation, the centralized state was developed to administer large public works systems (such as irrigation systems) and to regulate complex economies. Apart from developing codes, I also spend some time in quality writing. Political spaces exist at multiple scales, from a kid’s bedroom to the entire planet. Modern archaeological and anthropological evidence shows that many early societies were not as centralized, despotic, or unequal as the hydraulic theory would suggest. Many people have tried to exert control over the physical world to exert power for religious, economic, or cultural reasons. What is the net worth of the owner of Mercedes? Marx and Engels were clear that communism’s goal was a classless society in which the state would have “withered away. A location claimed by a sovereign state is called a territory. Examples: USA, Canada, Russia Enclave A territory whose geographical boundaries lie … Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The Holy Roman Empire, which was centered on the German states of Central Europe from 962–1806, should not be confused with the Roman Empire, which was based in Rome and ended centuries earlier. What is the difference between Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea? Imperialism is the control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society. 98% of Japan's population is ethnically Japanese, while the other countries listed are all multi-cultural states. The Greeks were the first people known to have explicitly formulated a political philosophy of the state, and to have rationally analyzed political institutions. State ~A politically organized territory with a permanent population, a defined territory, and a system of government. Introduction to Human Geography by R. Adam Dastrup, MA, GISP is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Today we take it for granted that different societies are governed by different states, but this has not always been the case. Usually, these people may live in various states, but they still share the same beliefs. However, there are many dozens of other similarly self-governing regions around the globe, most with names designating their status. The central government in a federal system focuses on things like national defense, managing interstate transportation, and regulating a common currency. Agriculture allowed communities to settle and also led to class division: some people devoted all their time to food production, while others were freed to specialize in other activities, such as writing or ruling. For the FRQs, you are not likely to be explicitly asked about one . Consider the case of Kashmir, a territory disputed between India and Pakistan. What is the only accurate representation of the earth? This is also known as territoriality. A multistate nation is known to be different people that are living in various places, but they share the same culture. Who deals with teeth problems and fix them. A multistate nation can also be called multicultural or multilingual. In 2011, the Indian government ordered the Economist magazine to remove or cover such a map in 28,000 copies of its May edition which were for sale in India. Tilly examined the political, social, and technological change in Europe from the Middle Ages to the present and attempted to explain the unprecedented success of the nation-state as the dominant form of state on Earth. As a result, only states with a sufficient amount of capital and a large population could afford to pay for their security and ultimately survive in a hostile environment. I like managing several people and leading them to a greater self, both in work life and personal life(in a Way). Multistate n ations : when a nation stretches across borders and across states (The Basques of Spain and France, The Kurds) Autonomous r egion : autonomy is having a degree of freedom from See more. Explore Ghana's history, government, economics, geography, and climate with this in-depth look at the West African nation. Before then, Europe was a checkerboard of small states, cities, principalities, and alliances united by religions, language, history, and politics., language, history, and politics. This is why, in the United States, the word state is used to designate major subnational government units, rather than the word province, as is common in much of the world. Although in some countries, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea defines the boundary of international waters. In our early history, Americans thought they were living in “The United Countries of America.”. Are lizards from the same family as dinosaurs? Federations may also work best when nations have multi-ethnic or multi-national countries. Both Hitler and the USSR believed this was possible, but both failed because they did not foresee the rise of other world powers such as the United States and China. The term Balkanization refers to an area that was known as the Ottoman Empire, and it occupied the area where we have current countries like Bulgaria, Albania, and  Serbia. The term nation refers to a homogeneous group of people with a common heritage, language, religion, or political ambition. Within the pluralist tradition, Robert Dahl developed the theory of the state as a neutral arena for contending interests. Since they are spread out within the area, they are just called Yorubaland. One country that is considered to be a multistate nation is Korea. Feudalism was based on the relationship between lord and vassal, which became central to social organization and, indeed to the state organization. The idea is that the heartland is a pivot point for controlling all of Asia and Africa, which he referred to as the World Island. They may speak the same language, worship the same religion or have the same political aspects in their governments. Looking beyond the patterns on political maps helps us to understand the spatial outcomes of political processes and how political processes are themselves affected by spatial features. The first ancient states that formed during this time were called city-states. Theories of this variety view the state as a neutral entity distinct from both society and the economy. Another theory of state formation focuses on the long, slow, process of rationalization and bureaucratization that began with the invention of writing. Some of them can be found in Togo, and some of them can be found in Benin. To state it plainly, most Europeans, and to an extent every human, want to be a member of a nation-state where everyone is alike and shares the same culture, heritage, and government. AP Human Geography Unit 4b Political Geography Guided Reading Mr. Stepek Directions: This guided reading covers quite a bit of material. While not the only factor in determining the political landscape, the shape of a state is important because it helps determine potential communication internally, military protection, access to resources, and more. Nor did they know that military technology would soon advance far beyond tanks and ground troops to include nuclear weapons, high-tech missiles, and drone airplanes. What is the difference between CST and IST? This contrasts a nation state, where a single nation accounts for the bulk of the population. A multinational nation is an autonomous state that comprises more than one nation or state. Controversies about territorial waters tend to encompass two dimensions: (a) territorial sovereignty, which is a legacy of history, and (b) relevant jurisdictional rights and interests in maritime boundaries, which are mainly due to differing interpretations of the law of the sea. A multistate nation is a nation which operates more than one states within its borders. A multinational state is a sovereign state that comprises of two or more nations or states. What qualifies a Country as a developed nation-state? The United States has had a challenging time resolving whether it wants to pursue a unitary or federal style government. Looking beyond the patterns on political maps helps us to understand the spatial outcomes of political processes and how political processes are themselves affected by spatial features. It is important to look at how political boundaries are created, determined, and occasionally redrawn. Such conceptions often ignore political boundaries such that a single nation may “spill over” into multiple states According to Spykman’s Rimland Theory, Mackinder’s “lands of the outer rim” were the key to controlling Eurasia and then the world. A homogenous nation-state is a country with a population that is ethnically, racially, or religiously homogenous. The Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 and those that followed helped establish a sense of peace and stability in Central Europe, which had been dominated by the Holy Roman Empire and competing powers. That would be sad. Imagine, for example, if Canada announced a claim to Washington State, and maps published outside North America began showing that state as a disputed territory. Most political theories of the state can roughly be classified into two categories. Therefore, the political elite in a capital city (like Paris or Tokyo) frequently have outsized power over the rest of the country. Take note that when you say “nation,” this means that there are some similarities. Political geography is the study of how humans have divided up the surface of the Earth for purposes of management and control. Listed here are upcoming webinars, events, and conferences relating to geography. Often, city-states secured the town by surrounding it with walls, and farmlands were located outside of the city walls. The truth is that this ideal goal is challenging to come by. Within India, publishers are required to show Kashmir as part of India. Marxists view the state as a partisan instrument that primarily serves the interests of the upper class. An alternative theory of state formation focuses on the rise of more modern nation-states and explains their rise by arguing they became necessary for leveraging the resources necessary to fight and defend against wars. Start studying AP Human Geography Chapter 8 vocab. SitemapCopyright © 2005 - 2020 ProProfs.com. The concept of the modern nation-state began in Europe as a political revolution laid the groundwork for a sense of nationalism: a feeling of devotion or loyalty to a specific nation. Though there are many states in the nation, the people in that nation have many cultural aspects in common. 3. Nation-state definition, a sovereign state inhabited by a relatively homogeneous group of people who share a feeling of common nationality. The dispute is only over the seaward boundary extending 200 miles (320 km) west from the mouth of the strait. Heartland Theory, also known as “The Geographic Pivot of History” theory, Mackinder thought that whoever controlled Eastern Europe, the heartland, would control the world. After the concept of the nation-state had gained a foothold in Europe, the ruling powers focused on establishing settlements and political power around the world by imposing their military, economic, political, and cultural influence through colonialism. As a result, it implies that if a nation does not seek out and conquer new territories, it will risk failing because other nations also behave organically. Basically, in a multistate nation, people share a common characteristic and live in multiple states. From the name itself, you can already guess that a multistate nation is a type of sovereign state that comes with two states or other nations. Politically, Spykman called for the consolidation of the Rimland countries to ensure their survival during World War II. The nation may have become divided based on the difference among the citizens. •Iraq: Sunnis, Kurds, Shiites Multistate Nations •A nation that stretches across borders. This style of governance makes sense when a country is “young” – and is still in the process of nation-building or developing a common identity necessary to the establishment of a unified nationality.

multistate nation definition ap human geography

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multistate nation definition ap human geography 2020