The searched literature highlights recent advances and scientific literature were checked through different sites, Elsevier ScienceDirect and PubMed, and relevant medical journals. Its tremendous range of pharmacotherapeutic properties has been well documented including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective. In accordance with another record from 1981 to 2010, 1073 new drugs being approved, only 36% were synthetic entities and more than 50% were inspired or derived from nature [5]. The have been used as a laxative, making a mild substitute for senna pods. Its uses as a medicinal herb were already known by the Greek physician Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.). Polyphenolic compounds as catechin, rutin, quercetin, and tannic acid from Fraxinus angustifolia bark and leaf extracts incorporated with different nanovesicles to increase the skin bioavailability found to be effective for their wound healing potential which is associated with their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity [31]. Ash is a plant. This review reveals thatFraxinus plant is a valuable drug candidate with its potential anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and neuroprotective properties. Based upon previous researches, methanolic extract with bioactive components including polyphenols, flavonoids, and sterols from Fraxinus micrantha leads to induction of DNA fragmentation and production of NO thus conferring cells towards apoptosis in breast cancer cell line, MCF-7 [54]. Identification and isolation of lead structures from hydroethanolic extract for novel antidiabetic drug development are commended [107]. Moreover esculin isolated from Fraxinus sieboldiana blume has neuroprotective properties on cytotoxicity stimulated by dopamine in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line via downregulating the GSH levels, upregulating the SOD activity, inhibiting the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), the discharge of cytochrome c and the expression of activated caspase 3, and regulating the Bax, Bcl-2, and p53 proteins [91]. leaves against CCl4 induced hepatic toxicity in rat,”, E. M. Ede, “Cellular oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes,”, S. Chen, M. Ju, Y. Luo et al., “Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of the aqueous: extract from the rhizome of phragmites Australis,”, S. A. Ganie, T. A. Dar, B. Zargar et al., “Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of crataegus songarica methanol extract,”, A. The first record of sophisticated medicinal system from natural products dates back to 2600 BC in Mesopotamia, consisting of about 1000 medicines derived from botanical compounds and plant derivatives [5]. Uses by Humans Ash is a hardwood and is hard, dense (within 20% of 670 kg/m 3 for Fraxinus americana, and higher at 710 kg/m 3 for Fraxinus excelsior), tough and very strong but elastic, extensively used for making bows, tool handles, baseball bats, hurleys, and other uses demanding high strength and resilience. Zeggwagh, M. Haloui, and J.-B. A novel compound fraxetin isolated from Fraxinus rhynchophylla showed dual antioxidative functions against metal and free radicals induced low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. Sign up here as a reviewer to help fast-track new submissions. Data concerning many perspectives of the genus Fraxinus such as mechanism of action, phytochemistry (detail of bioactive components), and clinical trials employing scientific technologies is still very restricted which demand for supplementary studies peculiarly in humans. Hepatoprotective activities by Fraxinus xanthoxyloides leave extract against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced oxidative stress in hepatic tissues in rats (Rattus novergicus) reduce the level of H2O2 and significantly increase the regenerative capacity of liver antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD, SOD, GST, and GSR) (EC50 = 400 mg/kg) [76]. The fruits of the fraxinus excelsior tree, called ash keys, have also been traditionally used by practitioners of herbal medicine for stomach disorders and indigestion. Don't confuse ash with northern prickly ash or southern prickly ash. Synthetic drugs have limited clinical utility as they are invariably associated with several toxic effects and drawbacks such as poor pharmacodynamic properties and nonselectivity [63]. The effect of long-term intake of different doses (20, 40, and 60 mg/kg/day) of a Fraxinus excelsior L. seed extract (FESE) on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was evaluated. Furthermore, it causes the regulation of phosphorylation of Drp1 at serine 637 and reduction in the number of cells with fragmented mitochondria [42]. Natural products being enriched with variety of anticancer, antioxidant, and neuroprotective compounds have a great potential for drug discovery [3]. Fraxinus excelsior. Native Introduced Native and Introduced. Zhang, Y.-J. Ans: Fraxinus Americana mother tincture should be kept in a cool dry place and in its original pack. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Esculetin, esculin, fraxin, and fraxetin are some of the pharmacologically active components isolated from different species of Fraxinus plant (Figure 2). This region has been shown to be an important reserve of bioactive medicinal plants in which phytotherapy knowledge has been and remains to be very developed (Eddouks et al., 2002). Traditionally, plant based drugs and medicinal plants have been employed for the treatment of humans and livestock in Pakistan and these medicinal plants play a valuable role in health care system in different areas of Pakistan [21]. Esculetin (coumarin) isolated from Fraxinus rhynchophylla notably meliorated CCl4 induced hepatic toxicity by downregulating the aspartate aminotransferase and serum alanine aminotransferase and via upregulation of GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT and thus prevented the pathological condition associated with tissue injury [43]. The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Zhao, J. Liu et al., “Molecular mechanisms of casticin action: An update on its antitumor functions,”, A. Rasul, B. Yu, L. Zhong, M. Khan, H. Yang, and T. Ma, “Cytotoxic effect of evodiamine in SGC-7901 human gastric adenocarcinoma cells via simultaneous induction of apoptosis and autophagy,”, A. Rasul, M. Khan, B. Yu, T. Ma, and H. Yang, “Xanthoxyletin, a coumarin induces S phase arrest and apoptosis in human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells,”, A. Rasul, C. Ding, X. Li et al., “Dracorhodin perchlorate inhibits PI3K/Akt and NF-, A. Rasul, B. Yu, M. Khan et al., “Magnolol, a natural compound, induces apoptosis of SGC-7901 human gastric adenocarcinoma cells via the mitochondrial and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways,”, M. K. Urban, “COX-2 specific inhibitors offer improved advantages over traditional NSAIDs,”, K.-J. This study was supported by research grant from The Nagai Foundation Tokyo, Japan. It is also used for gout, joint pain , … Plant derived natural products have been a continuous source of inspiration for human therapeutics despite enormous pharmaceutical industries relying on synthetic chemistry methods for drug discovery [1]. Common Ash1 Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson2 INTRODUCTION Common Ash is a broad, spreading, deciduous tree, capable of reaching 100 feet or more in height but most often seen growing at a moderate pace at 70 to 80 feet with a 60 to 90-foot spread (Fig. The 5-methoxyl aesculetin (MOA) from dried bark of Fraxinus rhynchophylla abrogates inflammatory response by its capability to block the activation of MAPK and activator protein-1 (AP-1) in RAW 264.7 cells. This plant has no children Legal Status. Add to Likebox #62052850 - common ash tree isolated on white background. Results. People take ash for fever, arthritis, gout, constipation, fluid retention, and bladder problems. Researchers have described a wide variety of plant extracts that have hepatoprotective activities usually associated with antioxidant activity as excessive production of free radicals overpowers the natural protective system causing hepatic damage [78–80]. Noteworthy Characteristics. Other conditions. Treatment of bacterial cultures (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus lactis, Escherichia coli, and Mycobacterium phlei) with plant extracts using microplate resazurin assay for screening showed that Fraxinus pennsylvanicca exhibits notable antibacterial activities with MICs ranging from 62.5 to 1000 μg/ml [84]. Zeggwagh, A. Lemhadri, M. El Amraoui, J.-B. Crude methanolic extract from the leaves of Fraxinus xanthoxyloides downregulated the production of inflammatory mediators and influx of leukocytes during in vitro and in vivo studies [27]. In vitro assessment of hydroxyframoside B isolated from ethanolic extract of stem bark of Fraxinus rhynchophylla provided an approach to decrease obesity via downregulating the pancreatic lipase activity thus restricting the absorption of lipid by pancreas [36]. Various studies conducted by researchers have reported that natural products have anticancer [9, 10], antibacterial [11], antifungal [12], antiviral [13], antioxidant [14, 15], anthelmintic [16], and anti-inflammatory [17, 18] activities. The ash tree was thought to have medicinal and mystical properties and the wood was burned to ward off evil spirits. In Norse mythology, ash was the 'Tree of Life' and the first man on Earth was said to have come from an ash tree. Free radicals have capability to interact with cellular components and thus causing DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and protein injuries [77]. Fraxetin mediated induction of HO-1 has potential to enhance the detoxification of free radicals. By clicking “Accept”, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Fraxetin (one of the main constituents of Fraxinus rhynchophylla) inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus proliferation were investigated by treatment of bacterial cultures with fraxetin at a concentration of 0.05 mg/ml. Among them, 49% of anticancer drugs belong to natural products [6, 7]. Additionally, macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins are decreased to 33.86, 48.96, and 55.74% [85]. Pae, Y.-S. Ko et al., “In vitro inducible nitric oxide synthesis inhibitory active constituents from Fraxinus rhynchophylla,”, E. Strehl, W. Schneider, and E. F. Elstner, “Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase activity by alcoholic extracts from Fraxinus excelsior, Populus tremula and Solidago virgaurea,”, T. Younis, M. R. Khan, and M. Sajid, “Protective effects of Fraxinus xanthoxyloides (Wall.) Xuan, “Water-soluble constituents of the root barks of Fraxinus rhynchophylla (Chinese drug Qinpi),”, J.-H. Jiang, C.-M. Jin, Y.-C. Kim, H.-S. Kim, W.-C. Park, and H. Park, “Anti-toxoplasmosis effects of oleuropein isolated from Fraxinus rhychophylla,”, M. H. Kim, J. Min, J. Y. Lee et al., “Oleuropein isolated from Fraxinus rhynchophylla inhibits glutamate-induced neuronal cell death by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction,”, Y.-C. Tien, J.-C. Liao, C.-S. Chiu et al., “Esculetin ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-mediated hepatic apoptosis in rats,”, R. A. Macahig, L. Harinantenaina, K. Matsunami, H. Otsuka, Y. Takeda, and T. Shinzato, “Secoiridoid and iridoid glucosides from the leaves of Fraxinus griffithii,”, S. Lin, M. T. Liu, S. J. Wang et al., “Coumarins from branch of Fraxinus sieboldiana and their antioxidative activity,”, S. Lin, S. Wang, M. Liu et al., “Glycosides from the stem bark of Fraxinus sieboldiana,”, H. J. Kim, Y. G. Yu, H. Park, and Y. S. Lee, “HIV gp41 binding phenolic components from Fraxinus sieboldiana var.

fraxinus excelsior medicinal uses

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fraxinus excelsior medicinal uses 2020