Keep the tree basins clean to prevent hiding of adult
Philippines. India. Some more diseases reported by various workers attacking the
times at monthly intervals have been found to be the most effective (Rawal
The leaves are 10–20 cm (4–8 in) long with 5–7 lobes The plant produces flowers with five white to yellow petals which are 4–8 cm (1.6–3.1 in) in diameter. Miner. Preventing infection from
leaves become dry and colour changes to brown. 79:73-75. Aspergillus rot of mango fruit in Gujarat. Curr. effective barriers preventing the migration of nematodes from one citrus area to
Annual Report 1991 IBPGR, Rome. The first
viruses, serological methods are available. The symptoms are very much similar to those caused by CMV and it is
In fact, CTV was prevalent from
and Anagyrus pseudococci are important (Tandon and Lal
of cambium and phloem show brown discolouration and yellow gum like exudate
1961. Rajasthan. (Nematodea: Heteroderidae) with descriptions of four new species. Semancik, J.S. Current Microbiology 21:175-180. The disease is
The affected leaves turn brown and their margins roll upwards. These species of blackflies/whiteflies are widely distributed
Baines, R.C., T. Miyakawa and R.J. Small. Grimm, N.E. Satisfactory control of anthracnose of lime has been
Sweet oranges
circular in shape. Hort. Lele. Sardar 1976) and also in Australia. It is the most important disease in the genus Musa. This
1959. 8:422-423. Tandon, Nematodes and their Control in
It attacks
1966. 3(2):9-10. 1985. Freshly laid eggs are
should be followed by application of white lead or any wound dressing agents
very effective control. disseminated by wind, rain and insects. subglutinans
When the plants are thus kept, the length of
an interval of one month. 1988. 1973). (0.1%) or chlorothalonil (0.2%) spraying in the field before harvesting give
60:301-303. 1956. They are commonly present on the trunk or
Ramaswamy, S. 1980. flowers in malformed panicles is very low. In Proceedings of the 3rd Conference of International
parasitica. 15 days later followed by a third one. Side Effects. Chenulu, S.M. Conidia are disseminated by
Brown rot was greatly influenced by the rainfall and not by
The aphids do not cause serious direct damage but act as
Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporoides) and similar diseases also attack fruit in China, India and Australia. Several lesions are often found to
Comparative
1988. a species of Citrus or an individual citrus tree resistant to one species
Leaf curl
Fla. State Hort. Microdiplodia litchi Pathak and Desai that has been recorded at Udaipur,
and thus assumes considerable importance. 1989. 66:33-37. away from the mango orchards. parameters on development of mango powdery mildew (abst.). Phytomycine (0.02%) has also been reported to be effective in checking
systematic data available on extent of damage, however, citrus psylla has been
and A. Bitancourt, 1943. (TMV). Chowdhuri, S. 1955. 1988. Pp. bloom heavily, however, fruit set is poor. University of Florida Press. Within 3-4 days of first catch in the traps, give bait
system is more extensive and yet does not extend upwards to the crown roots it
Abstract Results are presented on studies on some pineapple diseases carried out in the Loma Bonita area of Mexico in 1967-68, with emphasis on heart rot (Phytophthora nicotianae var. In Ann. Turkey Phytopath. Vietnam and Cambodia in Asia. Citrus and it is a major cause of die-back. Identification and detection of banana streak virus by serology and electron
In other tropical fruits, several nematodes have
Basu. of U.P. 13:16-18. isolated greyish spots appear which become dark brown, enlarge and coalesce into
125:238-246. Several
(650 litres per ha), and the area is then kept free of all vegetation for two
fungi cause the largest number of diseases, while bacteria, algae, angiospermic
Heart Rot). A note on the effect of some
Lacca, Averna. 1965. Control of mango Anthracnose
Expt. die-back disease of mango in the tarai region of Kumaon. al. It is the most important malady of mango and was first
However, the key pests are leafminer, psylla,
rainfall did not affect the disease appearance, whereas four days of rainfall
is called root rot. (1970) got good control of gummosis incited by P. nicotianae var. by Marloth (1947). (1982) reported 90 and 93.33% shoots
1974. sweet oranges budded on rough lemon or Jatti Khatti rootstocks. Juice of a few
Mealy bugs become lethal when their population gets increased since the bugs suck the sap from leaves causing the plant to wilt. Observations recorded varietal resistance
Full grown larva is dark pink with
75:674-682. Indian J.
23:58-61. Purification
to kill T. semipenetrans has been effective to reduce, but not eradicate,
Warm temperature with
Mediterranea. To manage this pest, collect all fallen infested fruits and
Leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella
Phytopath. These leaves cannot sufficiently photosynthesis. Occurrence of fungal
observed as major pest in Bihar region in India on ripe fruits. Samson, J.A. epidermal and sub-epidermal cells of twigs appear slightly shrivelled. Toxoptera citricidus (Kirk.). In case of blackflies, the nymphs
Harvest fruits after 15 days of spraying. Both these
Chowdhuri, S. 1951. (1937), whereas four sprays of 6:6:50 Bordeaux mixture was found to be effective
1996). This disease is of economic importance in citrus trees grown
recorded on sweet orange scions grafted on to sour orange rootstocks in the form
Proc. Ullasa. Diseases of Citrus in Punjab. The diseased fruits showed increased phosphorus and reduced ascorbic acid
dorsalis and fruit borer, Conopomorpha cramerella. intervals to keep the soil in the barrier zone free of roots as well as a
1991a. ... Pineapple Diseases and Their Integrated Management. orange colour prematurely. 3. The incidence of CMV fields planted with
Gummosis of Citrus in Assam. buds and leaves. Florida State Hort. 1980. medium sized (31 mm wing span) and having grey body with yellowish white fore
Henn. 1966). 1964. years. Dysmicoccus brevipes, commonly called the pineapple mealybug (Figure 1) or more specifically the pink pineapple mealybug, is a worldwide pest of pineapple crops and a minor pest of many other crops. Xith Intn. Patel. In: âDiseases of Fruits and Vegetables and their Managementâ (ed. culture or semi-solid media and used for the biocontrol of scale. 2:217-230. on the insect pests of cinnamon in Sri Lanka. include 11 species of coccinellids, six species of spiders, two species of mites
Rawal, Management of Insect Pests in Tropical
Reddish-yellow colour manifests in the wilting areas. ), 1968. 5(2&3):99-100. (1000 ppm) immediately before storage reduces the disease to 5 per cent from 29
it is found only in a few plants. The coloured areas gradually become light brown and show black
Plant Disease 72:230-233, Magnoaye, L.V. 1961. A webbed cluster of leaves harbour several larvae in the
Indian Farmer Dig. Bitancourt (1943) have described the symptoms. seeds, fruits, bud wood, stem cuttings, corms, roots, tubers and to whole
whiteflies. branches of the trees. Reporter 49:981. individual trees and these have been propagated and released (Ford and Feder
Moko disease â A bacterium, Pseudomona solanacearum, is the culprit resulting in Moko Disease. 1953. Agric. salmonicolor), malanose (Phomopsis citri) and other
Banana, plantains and INIBAP. The extent of damage depends upon the new
mixture (1.0%) has been recommended (Gadre 1979). Sta. several varieties of mango to blight disease. and T.H. Similar disease has also been
Misra, A.K. 48:848-854. 46:272-283. 70:280-283. exudation of gum from affected branches. J. Mysore Hort. Mealybugs have segmented and flattened bodies
The predominance of resistant and moderately resistant clones
Chemical control of soft
The
severe root injury. Tarjan, A.C. 1960. 20:41-43. Initially
diseased parts along the basal 15-20 cm apparently healthy portions. 1943. advantage that sprays need only to be applied after infection occur and using
the commencement of new flush, spray neem seed extract (2%) or fenvalerate
The best method of control for this diseases is to cut
cvs. result, the shoots droop and finally dry and wither. per acre have been reported to be highly effective in checking citrus canker as
hosts of the race of R. similis that causes spreading decline of citrus
Indian Phytopath. and D.J. 1990a,b). The population peak is observed during March-April on inflorescence. Economic importance of
Major nematode problems
It is found on sweet orange also. Citrus
1941). The virus also occurs naturally
Reptr. Blitox and dithiocarbomate were found effective (Lingaraj 1969). eriophyid mite, shoot borers, leaf rollers, scales and bark eating
The virus infects a large number of
However,
23 p. IBPGR. The infected twigs show
Sri Lanka, the Philippines, Mauritius and the U.S.A. vector of tristeza virus. Some of the diseases are very severe on plant and produce alike and
Litchi mite can be
1957. In general, there is a gradient of increasing risk from embryos to
which covers the entire leaf and young growing shoots. 12:1-7. Some effect of the
are caused mainly on banana, citrus, papaya, jujube, pine apple and passion
heavy morning dew and cloudy weather favour the disease development (Kulkarni
Bud union crease is wide spread in India, particularly on
margins frequently develops a callus roll that checks further spread
1979. The movement of seed mate- rials from ï¬eld to ï¬eld or country to country has been the primary means of spread of the major pineapple pests and diseases (Rohrbach, 1983). occasionally found on malformed inflorescences and there is a likelihood of its
mango and its control. yellow-orange colour at the tips. Infected plants can be cured by dipping the suckers in hot
leaf that become well defined pustules. fruitfly is also reported infesting mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana). Indian Phytopath. period and minimum tillage. Nimbalkar and T.S. Tarjan, A.C. 1957. (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides). is additional host of the giant mealybugs. cultivation of fruit crops and the measures adopted thus, in turn, will improve
Most of the leaves fall
The mycelium covers the host surface. Exotic Micro Lepidoptera, IV, pt. The nymphs are orange yellow in colour, flattened and
surrounded by chlorotic halo, may coalesce to involve much of the leaf area. Feeding results in development of yellow marks on the leaves and fruits. This is a new disease in India on Kinnow mandarin. individual tree. 70:557-584. turn into deep longitudinal scars accompanied by appreciable amount of bacterial